Pallets 101: A guide to Wooden Pallet Types

Pallets are the unsung heroes of logistics, silently facilitating the movement of goods across warehouses and supply chains. But beyond their simple appearance lies a world of variations and specifications. Understanding the different types of pallets and their components is crucial for efficient and safe material handling.

Anatomy of a Pallet:

Let's break down the basic parts:

• Top Boards: These form the upper surface, providing the platform for the load.

• Bottom Boards: These form the lower surface, adding structural support.

• Stringers: These are longitudinal support members, often running the length of the pallet.

• Blocks: These are rectangular or cylindrical supports, replacing stringers in some designs.

  
  

Entry Points: 2-Way vs. 4-Way:

• 2-Way Pallets: These allow forklift entry from two opposite sides. They are simpler and often cheaper but offer less flexibility.

• 4-Way Pallets: These allow forklift entry from all four sides, offering greater maneuverability. This is achieved using blocks rather than stringers for the centre support.

Condition: New vs. Remanufactured:

• New Pallets: These are made from freshly cut lumber, ensuring consistent quality and strength.

• Remanufactured Pallets: These are built from salvaged pallet components, offering a more cost-effective and environmentally friendly option. Quality can vary.

Pallet Types and Specifications:

Here's a breakdown of common pallet types, their sizes, and weight capacities:

• Grade A (#1) Pallets:

  • These are high-quality pallets, typically new or in excellent condition.

  • They are structurally sound, with no broken boards or significant damage.

  • Sizes vary, but a common size is 48" x 40".

  • Weight capacity: Typically 2,500-3,000 lbs.

• Grade B (#2) Pallets:

  • These pallets show signs of wear and tear, such as minor cracks or discoloration.

  • They are still functional but may not be suitable for heavy or delicate loads.

  • Sizes and weight capacity are similar to Grade A, but with a reduced reliability.

  • Weight capacity: Typically 1,500-2,500 lbs.

• GMA Pallets (Grocery Manufacturers Association):

  • These are the most common pallet type in North America, standardized for grocery and retail use.

  • Dimensions: 48" x 40".

  • Typically 4 way entry.

  • Weight capacity: Around 2,500 lbs.

• Block Pallets:

  • These use blocks instead of stringers for support, allowing 4-way entry.

  • They offer greater strength and stability compared to stringer pallets.

  • Sizes vary greatly.

  • Weight capacity: Can vary significantly depending on the block size and materials.

• Double-Sided Pallets:

  • These have top and bottom boards covering the entire surface, providing extra strength and stability.

  • They are suitable for heavy or unstable loads.

  • Sizes and weight capacity vary.

• Euro Pallets (EUR/EPAL):

  • These are standardized pallets used in Europe, adhering to strict quality and dimensional requirements.

  • Dimensions: 800mm x 1200mm (approximately 31.5" x 47.2").

  • 4 way entry.

  • Weight capacity: 1,500 kg (approximately 3,300 lbs).

• Skids:

  • Technically, a skid differs from a pallet. A skid has only top boards and no bottom boards.

  • Skids are designed to be moved by a forklift.

  • Skids are generally used for single use, or where the load will remain static for a long period of time.

  • Sizes and weight capacity vary.

    
    

Key Considerations:

• Load Weight and Distribution: Choose a pallet with a weight capacity that exceeds your load requirements. Ensure the load is evenly distributed to prevent pallet failure.

• Forklift Compatibility: Ensure the pallet's entry points and dimensions are compatible with your forklift.

• Storage and Handling: Consider the storage space and handling requirements of different pallet types.

• Hygiene and Regulations: For food and pharmaceutical industries, adhere to specific hygiene and regulatory standards.

• Cost and Sustainability: Balance cost considerations with the environmental impact of pallet choices. Remanufactured or recycled pallets can be a sustainable option.

By understanding the various components and types of pallets, businesses can optimize their material handling processes, reduce costs, and ensure the safe and efficient movement of goods.